Mendelson Lecture: Three little one-way valves: my unexpected portal to an alternate universe and a career in science.

Objectives:

Learn how to precisely control alveolar ventilation—not simply measure it.

Learn how such control enables diagnostic and therapeutic manipulations that, for the last century, were thought to be impossible.  I will survey several and list a few others.

Learn how shrewd application of low tech succeeded where high tech could not.